MAAS is able to send specific kernel options to booting nodes on both a global basis and a per-node basis.
As an admin, click on the gear icon at the top right and scroll down to the Global Kernel Parameters section, as shown here:
Whatever you set here is sent as-is to all booting nodes.
Per-node kernel options are set using tags. The easiest way of doing this is to use the maas command. You will need to be logged in to the API first and then you can add a tag which has its kernel_opts value set, like this:
$ maas maas tags new name='nomodeset' \
comment='nomodeset kernel option' kernel_opts='nomodeset vga'
Once the tag is defined, you can add it to a node or nodes:
$ maas maas tag update-nodes nomodeset add=<system_id_1> \
add=<system_id_2>
Note
Any per-node kernel options set will completely override the global options. If multiple tags attached to a node have the kernel_opts defined, the first one ordered by name is used.